Top: The ninespine stickleback, Pungitus pungitus, is typical of the saltwater form. Bottom: A freshwater form of stickleback with fewer bony plates and fewer spines. Image based on drawings from the ...

Convergent phenotypic evolution often results from similar genetic changes in independent species by a process known as parallel evolution. Sometimes, convergent evolution results from the evolution ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about biodiversity and the hidden quirks of the natural world. Evolution is a long, slow and continuous experiment where ...