Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous loci associated with complex traits, imprecise modeling of the genetic relatedness within study samples may cause substantial ...

Fossil samples almost always accumulate on timescales much longer than the life spans of individual organisms. This time-averaging has the potential to inflate the variability of fossil samples ...

(a) Disease progression can be classified into three states: the normal stage, pre-disease stage and disease stage, with the pre-disease stage representing a critical threshold just before the onset ...