Dynamic graph algorithms and data structures represent a vital research frontier in computer science, underpinning applications from network analysis to real-time system monitoring. These methods ...

Doug Wintemute is a staff writer for Forbes Advisor. After completing his master’s in English at York University, he began his writing career in the higher education space. Over the past decade, Doug ...

Discover the best Application Performance Monitoring (APM) tools that enable enterprises to enhance application performance, ensure seamless digital experiences, and drive long-term growth in 2025.

A version of this story appears in the September 2020 issue of National Geographic magazine. Philadelphia detected its first case of a deadly, fast-spreading strain of influenza on September 17, 1918.